Equity Access To Cancer Healthcare In Malaysia Through Public-Private Partnerships

Abstract

The incidence of cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia, with an expected rise exacerbating existing disparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and support services, particularly among the underserved. In this study, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are discussed as strategic mechanisms for bridging equity gaps in cancer care by utilizing shared resources, infrastructure, and expertise from both public and private sectors. A narrative review approach is used to synthesize evidence from peer-reviewed literature, grey literature, and real-world PPP case examples. Several challenges to cancer care equity have been identified. The barriers including late cancer detection, limited access to advanced treatments, inadequate financial and psychosocial support. Variety types of PPPs model such as outsourcing, investment-based initiatives and joint ventures are identified. The PPPs models have demonstrated their potential for increasing access to cancer diagnostics, radiotherapy, and financial assistance. However, the study identifies critical gaps in the integration of psychosocial care, due to a shortage of skilled workers and fragmented service delivery. It is imperative that future PPPs adopt more structured, transparent, and evidence-based frameworks that emphasize the importance of psychosocial support in cancer treatment. Patient-centered outcomes can be improved through collaboration with mental health organizations and the strategic use of private resources. This study affirms the potential of public-private partnerships to improve equity, reduce delays, and promote sustainable, holistic delivery of cancer care in Malaysia, especially for marginalized groups.